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标题: Common Errors in Learning English(学英文常犯的错误)
limcl
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只看楼主 2008-01-17 23:12
Also 的用法

Also =  亦、也、同样、并且


 


一.           “Also” 这个词是副词(adverb),不是连词 (conjunction)。所以它不能用在逗号 后,除非前面加上 ”and” ”but”


二.           在句首或句尾一般不能用 ”also”


三.           一般不能和否定句连用。


例句 1:他在马来西亚住过很久。而且也在泰国泰住过一两年


误:He had spent a great deal of his life in Malaysia. Also he had lived for a year or two in Thailand.


正:He had spent a great deal of his life in Malaysia. He had also lived for a  year or two in Thailand.


例句 2:如何有效的做预算,还有怎样遵守预算规定的小建议。


误:Tips on how to budget effectively, also how to stick to it.


正:Tips on how to budget effectively, and also how to stick to it.


例句 3:天气不仅寒冷,而且潮湿。


误:The weather was not only cold, also wet.


正:The weather was not only cold, but also wet.


例句 4:你必须申办护照,同时还需要有签证。


误:You will have to get a passport, and need a visa also.


正:You will have to get a passport, and also need a visa.


例句 5:国华没来,秀珍也没来


误:Guo Hua did not come, and Xiu Zhen did not come also.


正:Guo Hua did not come, neither did Xiu Zhen come.

#46  
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只看楼主 2008-01-20 22:03
Very 的用法

1.      Very 只可以用在形容词(adjectives),副词(adverbs)和限定词


    (determiners)的前面,但是不可以直接用在动词的前面。用在动词前,要


     改用 very much.


 


 例句一 我很享受在上海的生活。


      误:I very enjoyed my life in Shanghai.


      正:I enjoyed my life in Shanghai very much.


 


 例句二: 我很恐怕你的儿子可能介入那宗罪案。


      误:I’m very afraid that your son may be involved in the crime.


      正:I’m very much afraid that your son may be involved in the 


           crime.


 


2.      Very 也不可直接用在有被动性的过去分词 (not used with past participles that have a passive meaning),要改用much, very much greatly.


 


例句一: 每个人都很喜欢他。


     误:He was very loved by everyone.


     正:He was much loved by everyone.


 


例句二:你的帮忙很受人赞赏。


     误:Your help was very appreciated.


     正:Your help was very much appreciated.


 


     Click the link below for more information about very and past 


     participles.


     http://www.bartleby.com/64/C001/071.html


 


3.      已经有极度意思的形容词或副词,不可用 very修饰。


 


例句一: 我完全相信他的判断。


     误:I trust his discretion very absolutely.


     正:I trust his discretion absolutely.


 


例句二: 我疲倦不堪。


     误:I’m very completely exhausted.


     正:I’m completely exhausted.


 

#47  
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只看楼主 2008-01-21 22:42
Help 和Assist

1.      Help assist 的含义都有帮助/帮忙/协助/援助的意思。


2.      Help 比较常用。Assist 比较正式(formal),而且总是暗示帮助者自己也在做一部份工作协助者通常做比较简单的工作,以减轻受助者的复杂工作。Help 则没有这种分别。


3.      If someone is in difficulty, you help them (not assist) 如果有人处于困境,你帮助他们- help,不可用assist.


 


例句一我自己推不动这辆车,你能帮我一下吗


      正:I can’t push the car on my own, can you help me please?


      正:I can’t push the car on my own, can you assist me please? (较正式)


 


例句二他的工作是援助独居老人。


      误:His job consists of assisting old people who live alone.


      正:His job consists of helping old people who live alone.


 


例句三:他们救助了那个溺水的人。


      误:They assisted the drowning man.


      正:They helped the drowning man. (helped = saved)


 


例句四:成功的申请者将受聘协助公关经理。


      误:The successful applicant will help the publicity manager.


      正:The successful applicant will assist the publicity anager.          


 

#48  
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只看楼主 2008-01-23 10:28
Begin, Commence 和 start

Begin, Commence 和 Start 都含有“开始”的意思。


 


begin start在词义和用法上几乎完全相同,但还是略有区别。其区别在于start动作性较强,常用动身着手开始第一步等含义,begin则动作性较弱。因此,在描写一种状态的开始,特别是较缓慢的开始时,用begin start好;以行动开始某一具体的工作时,用start更为恰当。例如:  


Now I begin to know the importance of learning English. 


如今我开始懂得学习英语的重要性。


Let’s start to clean our classroom now! 


我们现在开始打扫教室吧!



 


如果表示一连串事件的开始,通常用begin.


The story begins on the Island of Layang-Layang.


那故事从拉央拉央岛开始。


 


另外,start 可以和许多名词连用,表示开始创造激起等,仍然是强调动作性,以下的说法都不能用begin


 


1.      表示行程赛程的开始。如


She started for the door before I could stop her.


我还来不及阻止她,她就已动身朝门而去


 


2.     表示成立创始时。如:


They will start a swimming club  in the near future.


他们将在不久的未来成立一家游泳俱乐部。


 


3.     表示机器等的发动、启动时。如:


How do you start the washing machine ?


你如何开动这部洗衣机?


commence 表示开始着手做,其用法比begin更为正式,后面可跟动名词或不定式。例如:


He has commenced studying (to study) law.   


他开始研究法律。 


值得注意的是,begincommence 所用的场合实际上相同,但是commence更用于正式些的文字里。例如:


I commenced life as a business man.  我以经商开始了自己的生涯
The holidays commence on Saturday.从星期六开始放假。


 


Commence 常与典礼、庆祝活动、战争或法律程序连用。


 


1.      The officer ordered the soldiers to commence the attack.


军官命令士兵开始攻击。


 


2.      We commenced building on 6th July 2007.


     我们与七月六日动工。


 


3.      The commemorative ceremony will commence at 6:30pm.


纪念典礼将在傍晚六点半开始。


 


在下列情况下,不能用 commence:


 


1.     表示与另一物接触的起点时。如:


The Queen Avenue begins here.


     皇后大道从此处开始的。


 


2.     表示固定不变的一组的第一项时。如:


The English alphabet begins with A.


     英文字母从A开始。


 


3.     表示状况的转变时。如:


The day was beginning to dark.


     天开始变黑了。


 


4.     表示非预订的,不自觉的活动的开始。如:


The baby will begin to cry if she is wakened up.


     假如小孩被惊醒了,他会开始哭。


    


5.     表示自然的现象。如:


It began to snow.


     开始下雪了。

#49  
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只看楼主 2008-01-26 12:29
On the contrary, To the Contrary

On the contrary 这个短语用来强调“否定一个事实从而肯定其反面


 


To the contrary 表示“在相反的方面”。


 


例句一:我从来没说过我反对在午夜放映电影;相对地我早就赞成这样做。


    :  I have never said that I opposed to the midnight screening of film 


           shows; to the contrary I have for long advocated it.


   I have never said that I opposed to the midnigt screening of film


           shows; on the contrary I have for long advocated it.


 


例句二:除非我听到有什么相反的情况,会议将在我门原来计划的时间召开。


    误:  Unless I hear anything on the contrary, I shall assume that the


           meeting will be held at the time we arranged.


    正:  Unless I hear anything to the contrary, I shall assume that the  


           meeting will be held at the time we arranged.

#50  
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只看楼主 2008-01-26 12:45
Assure, Ensure 和 Insure

Assure, Ensure Insure 是相近词, 皆含有确保的意思。所以单单了解词的释义,并不能帮助你区别它们的用法。


(A)  ASSURE


Assure用来表示向某人保证某事将要发生,既可以用来确证某事,也可以表示使某人确信(If you ASSURE a person of somethingyou promise them or tell them that)。


Assure的宾语通常是人称代词,所以不能直接搭用that clause


其常用结构为:assure somebody of something.


1.      He assured us of his ability to solve the problem


     他向我们保证他有能力解决这个问题。


2.      We booked early to assure ourselves ofgettinggood seats


     我们及早订座以保证我们能得到好座位。


Assure后还可跟抽象名词作宾语,此时与ensure同义,表示确保。


1.      Weeks of practice assured ensured success in the match


     几个星期的训练确保了在比赛中获得成功。


2.      Nothing can assure permanent peace


     没有什么能确保永久和平


Assure在英国英语中作为专业术语,可表示投人寿保险。 to insure assure against death投保寿险(life assurance insurance人寿保险)


(B) ENSURE


Ensure的意思是使某行为或某件事的结果得以保证,即确保某事发生(to make sure that sthhappens)。


Ensure后可以直接跟 that-clause,并可以用复合宾语。


常用结构为:ensure somethingensure that clause ensureobject


1.      To ensure the child's quick recoverythe doctor gave him an antibiotic


为使这个孩子尽快恢复,医生给他打了一剂抗生素。


2.      Registration ensures delivery of mail


挂号寄邮件保证会送到。


Ensure也可以表示确保安全,免遭伤害。


To ensure freedom against tyranny 反对暴政,维护自由


(C) INSURE


在美国英语中ensure常拼写为insure 也含有为了防不测向保险公司付钱投保的意思(to pay money to an insurance company against future disaster)。 英国英语只有后者(投保)的意思。


1.        My house is insured against fire


我的房子保了火险。


2.        Are you insured for all risks


     你是不是给自己保了综合险?


 


试试以下的习题,看看你是否已完全掌握“assure, ensure insure” 的用法。


1.      If you want to ________ that you catch the plane, take a taxi to the airport.


2.      My house is  ________ed against fire.


3.      No matter how bad you feel about your breakup, you can be _________ed by the fact that your ex feels even worse.


4.      __________ your son that his piano playing sounds wonderful.


5.      _________  that your daughter practices her dance routine.


6.      Please _______ your posts are meaningful.


7.      It is not true that American military intervention abroad ________s peace and stability in the world.


答案


1.      ensure” – 只有”ensure” 可直接用 “that+clause”,“assure” 不能。


2.      insure” – 只能用“insure”, 这里指“投保”的意思。


3.      assure” – you can be assured …”, 空格的宾语是代名词 ”you””ensure” 不能用这样的结构。


4.      assure” -  “assure your son ….”, 空格的宾语是人,”your son”


5.      ensure” -只有”ensure” 可直接用 “that+clause”.


6.      ensure” – 空格的宾语是object “your posts” , 不能用”assure”


7.      ensure assure皆可 – peace 和平是抽象名词。


 

#51  
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只看楼主 2008-01-30 09:40
This many fish ?

 I have never been to a place with this many fish.


我没有去过像这里有这么多鱼的地方。


 


以上的英文句子的文法没有什么不妥。但是,为什么不是 these many fishes呢?


this” 在这里并不是“不定代名词”(indefinite pronoun),而是修饰“many” 的副词(adverb),含有“这么”的意思。


this many fish = as many fish as this (place) 像这里有这么多鱼(的地方).


 


例句一: We haven’t received this many letters before.


           我们从来没有收过这么多信。


 


例句二: I’ve never been out this late before.


           我从来没有在外逗留到这么


 


例句三: It’s about this high.


           大概有这么


 


为什么不是“many fishes


 


其实,“many fish” “many fishes” 皆可,但是意思不同。


 


如果是指同一种类的鱼,一只鱼或很多只鱼都要用“fish


如果是指有很多种类的鱼的话,就要用“fishes了。


 


像这类单数和复数都没变化的词多数是动物或鱼类的名称:


 


a bison, many bison牦牛,美洲野牛


a sheep, many sheep绵羊


a deer,  many deer 鹿


a greenfly, many greenfly 蚜虫


a grouse, many grouse 松鸡


a moose, many moose 驼鹿


a reindeer, many reindeer 馴鹿


a cod, many cod 鳕鱼


a goldfish, many goldfish 金鱼


a halibut, many halibut 大比目鱼


a mullet, many mullet鲻鱼


a salmon, many salmon


a shellfish, many shellfish 贝类动物


a trout, many trout鳟鱼

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